{"id":1718,"date":"2025-12-07T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2025-12-07T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/?p=1718"},"modified":"2025-12-17T00:44:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-17T00:44:30","slug":"epdm-vs-buna-comparison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/blog\/standards\/epdm-vs-buna-comparison\/","title":{"rendered":"EPDM \u3068 BUNA: \u540c\u3058\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304b?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u3044\u3044\u3048\u3001EPDM \u3068 BUNA (\u307e\u305f\u306f NBR) \u306f\u540c\u3058\u3067\u306f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306f\u5b9f\u8cea\u7684\u306b\u53cd\u5bfe\u306e\u8010\u85ac\u54c1\u6027\u30d7\u30ed\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u6301\u3064 2 \u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5408\u6210\u30b4\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u6d41\u4f53\u51e6\u7406\u7528\u9014\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u3068 BUNA \u306e\u8b70\u8ad6\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u4e3b\u306a\u9055\u3044\u306f\u3001\u8010\u6cb9\u6027\u306b\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6c34\u3001\u84b8\u6c17\u3001\u8010\u5019\u6027\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f EPDM \u304c\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u52dd\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30aa\u30a4\u30eb\u3084\u71c3\u6599\u306b\u95a2\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001Buna (NBR) \u304c\u7d76\u5bfe\u7684\u306a\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"EPDM<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7af6\u5408\u76f8\u624b\u3092\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3059\u308b\uff1a2\u3064\u306e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u30b4\u30e0\u30d5\u30a1\u30df\u30ea\u30fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u6750\u6599\u540d\u3092\u7406\u89e3\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089 2 \u3064\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u30a8\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30de\u30fc\u3092\u533a\u5225\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b69\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u306f\u30a8\u30c1\u30ec\u30f3\u30d7\u30ed\u30d4\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u30a8\u30f3\u30e2\u30ce\u30de\u30fc\u306e\u7565\u3067\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30be\u30f3\u3001\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u3001\u98a8\u5316\u3001\u6975\u6027\u6d41\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u308b\u52a3\u5316\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u8010\u6027\u3067\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5408\u6210\u30b4\u30e0\u3067\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6c34\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3084\u84b8\u6c17\u3092\u6271\u3046\u5834\u5408\u3001EPDM \u306f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u3067\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u30b7\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BUNA \u306f\u3001\u4ed5\u69d8\u66f8\u3067\u306f Buna-N \u307e\u305f\u306f\u5358\u306b NBR (\u30cb\u30c8\u30ea\u30eb\u30d6\u30bf\u30b8\u30a8\u30f3\u30b4\u30e0) \u3068\u8868\u8a18\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u7570\u306a\u308b\u5408\u6210\u5171\u91cd\u5408\u4f53\u3067\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u7d20\u6750\u306f\u3001\u6cb9\u3084\u71c3\u6599\u306b\u3088\u308b\u81a8\u6f64\u3084\u52a3\u5316\u3092\u9632\u3050\u3068\u3044\u3046\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u76ee\u7684\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u7279\u5225\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u70ad\u5316\u6c34\u7d20\u7cfb\u71c3\u6599\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001NBR\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3082\u5408\u6210\u30b4\u30e0\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u306a\u5316\u5b66\u69cb\u9020\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u6d41\u4f53\u306b\u9069\u3055\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u60b2\u60e8\u306a\u30b7\u30fc\u30eb\u4e0d\u826f\u304c\u767a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u554f\u984c\u306f\u30d1\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u5b58\u7d9a\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPDM\uff1a\u6c34\u3068\u5929\u5019\u306e\u30de\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38 -40 \u5ea6\u304b\u3089 150 \u5ea6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u307e\u3067\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u6e29\u5ea6\u7bc4\u56f2\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u67d4\u8edf\u6027\u3068\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u9ad8\u304f\u8a55\u4fa1\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u65e5\u5149\u3084\u30aa\u30be\u30f3\u306a\u3069\u306e\u53b3\u3057\u3044\u74b0\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8010\u6027\u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30caN\u3088\u308a\u3082\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001EPDM \u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u7528\u30db\u30fc\u30b9\u3001\u5c4b\u6839\u7528\u819c\u3001\u5c4b\u5916\u7528\u30ac\u30b9\u30b1\u30c3\u30c8\u306a\u3069\u3067\u5e83\u304f\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d5\u30ed\u30fc\u5236\u5fa1\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001EPDM\u306e\u4ed5\u69d8\u306f \u30d0\u30bf\u30d5\u30e9\u30a4\u30d0\u30eb\u30d6\u30b7\u30fc\u30c8<\/a> \u5e02\u6c34\u3001\u6e29\u6c34\u3001\u4f4e\u5727\u84b8\u6c17\u306e\u7528\u9014\u3067\u306f\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b4\u30e0\u306e\u5f3e\u529b\u6027\u3068\u512a\u308c\u305f\u5727\u7e2e\u6c38\u4e45\u6b6a\u307f\u8010\u6027\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6975\u6027\u6d41\u4f53\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u3082\u9577\u671f\u9593\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u3068\u5bc6\u9589\u3067\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3088\u304f\u300cEPDM\u306f\u30d6\u30ca\u3088\u308a\u3082\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7591\u554f\u304c\u6e67\u304d\u307e\u3059\u3002\u7b54\u3048\u306f\u300c\u30a4\u30a8\u30b9\u300d\u3067\u3059\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u6c34\u3001\u84b8\u6c17\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u5c4b\u5916\u3067\u306e\u4f7f\u7528\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u306b\u306f\u512a\u308c\u305f\u9577\u6240\u304c\u3042\u308b\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u3001\u4ea4\u6e09\u306e\u4f59\u5730\u306e\u306a\u3044\u6b20\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u306e\u6b20\u70b9\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u3059\u304b?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u306e\u4e3b\u306a\u6b20\u70b9\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u6700\u5927\u306e\u6b20\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u88fd\u54c1\u3068\u306e\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u306a\u975e\u4e92\u63db\u6027\u3067\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ad\u5316\u6c34\u7d20\u6cb9\u3001\u30ac\u30bd\u30ea\u30f3\u3001\u706f\u6cb9\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6cb9\u5727\u4f5c\u52d5\u6cb9\u306b\u3055\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001EPDM \u306f\u6025\u901f\u306b\u81a8\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u3092\u3059\u3079\u3066\u5931\u3044\u3001\u5373\u5ea7\u306b\u5bc6\u5c01\u6a5f\u80fd\u304c\u5931\u308f\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u3092\u30aa\u30a4\u30eb\u56de\u8def\u306b\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u5c0e\u5165\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3067\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BUNA\uff08NBR\uff09\uff1a\u77f3\u6cb9\u3068\u71c3\u6599\u306e\u30c1\u30e3\u30f3\u30d4\u30aa\u30f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u30d6\u30ca-N\uff08NBR\uff09\u306f\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306bEPDM\u306e\u53cd\u5bfe\u3067\u3059\u3002EPDM\u306f\u6cb9\u3092\u5acc\u3046\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001NBR\u306f\u6cb9\u3092\u597d\u307f\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u305d\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30fc\u30af\u306a\u5316\u5b66\u7d44\u6210\u306b\u306f\u30a2\u30af\u30ea\u30ed\u30cb\u30c8\u30ea\u30eb\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u975e\u6975\u6027\u70ad\u5316\u6c34\u7d20\u306b\u3088\u308b\u81a8\u6f64\u3084\u52a3\u5316\u306b\u62b5\u6297\u3059\u308b\u9a5a\u304f\u3079\u304d\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u5099\u3048\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001NBR \u306f\u81ea\u52d5\u8eca\u3001\u77f3\u6cb9\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u306e\u5404\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u6b20\u304b\u305b\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306b\u4f55\u3089\u304b\u306e\u71c3\u6599\u3001\u30aa\u30a4\u30eb\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u975e\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5a92\u304c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001NBR \u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NBR \u306e\u8010\u6cb9\u6027\u306e\u30c8\u30ec\u30fc\u30c9\u30aa\u30d5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u71b1\u5b89\u5b9a\u6027\u3068\u74b0\u5883\u8010\u4e45\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

NBR \u306e\u6700\u5927\u9023\u7d9a\u52d5\u4f5c\u6e29\u5ea6\u306f\u901a\u5e38 EPDM \u3088\u308a\u3082\u4f4e\u304f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306f 100 \uff5e 120 \u2103 \u7a0b\u5ea6\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002. 
\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001NBR\u306f\u30aa\u30be\u30f3\u3084\u65e5\u5149\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8010\u6027\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u3001\u98a8\u96e8\u306b\u3055\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3059\u3050\u306b\u3072\u3073\u5272\u308c\u3084\u52a3\u5316\u304c\u751f\u3058\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u3053\u3067\u3001\u300c\u201cEPDM \u306f\u30d6\u30ca\u3088\u308a\u3082\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304b?<\/em>\u201d\u6c34\u304c\u6d41\u4f53\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5c4b\u5916\u7528\u9014\u306b\u300cEPDM\u300d\u306f\u6700\u9069\u3067\u3059\u304b\uff1f\u306f\u3044\u3001EPDM \u304c\u65ad\u7136\u6709\u5229\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1aEPDM\u3068BUNA\u306e\u3069\u3061\u3089\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3079\u304d\u304b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u3068 BUNA \u306e\u9078\u629e\u306f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u54c1\u8cea\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u307e\u3055\u306b\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6226\u3044\u3067\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8f38\u9001\u3059\u308b\u6d41\u4f53\u3068\u305d\u308c\u306b\u8010\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30a8\u30e9\u30b9\u30c8\u30de\u30fc\u3092\u9069\u5408\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong><\/td>EPDM\uff08\u30a8\u30c1\u30ec\u30f3\u30d7\u30ed\u30d4\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u30a8\u30f3\u30e2\u30ce\u30de\u30fc\uff09<\/strong><\/td>BUNA-N \/ NBR\uff08\u30cb\u30c8\u30ea\u30eb\u30d6\u30bf\u30b8\u30a8\u30f3\u30b4\u30e0\uff09<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u306a\u4f53\u6db2<\/td>\u6c34\u3001\u84b8\u6c17\u3001\u30a2\u30eb\u30b3\u30fc\u30eb\u3001\u6975\u6027\u6eb6\u5a92<\/td>\u30aa\u30a4\u30eb\u3001\u71c3\u6599\u3001\u30ac\u30bd\u30ea\u30f3\u3001\u6cb9\u5727\u4f5c\u52d5\u6cb9<\/td><\/tr>
\u6cb9\/\u71c3\u6599\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8010\u6027<\/td>\u4e0d\u826f\uff08\u6025\u901f\u306a\u6545\u969c\uff09<\/td>\u512a\u79c0\uff08\u3053\u306e\u7528\u9014\u5411\u3051\u306b\u8a2d\u8a08\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u6c34\/\u84b8\u6c17\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u8010\u6027<\/td>\u512a\u79c0\uff08\u4fe1\u983c\u3067\u304d\u308b\uff09<\/td>\u4e0d\u826f\uff5e\u4e2d\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u9ad8\u6e29\u3067\u6025\u901f\u306b\u52a3\u5316\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u8010\u5019\u6027\/\u7d2b\u5916\u7dda\u8010\u6027<\/td>\u7d20\u6674\u3089\u3057\u3044<\/td>\u60aa\u3044\uff08\u5272\u308c\u3084\u3059\u3044\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
\u6700\u9ad8\u6e29\u5ea6<\/td>\u6700\u5927150\u2103<\/td>\u6700\u5927120\u2103<\/td><\/tr>
\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u306a\u7528\u9014<\/td>HVAC\u3001\u6c34\u51e6\u7406\u3001\u5c4b\u5916\u30b7\u30fc\u30eb<\/td>\u71c3\u6599\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3001\u6f64\u6ed1\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001O\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u6c34\u9053\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3001\u84b8\u6c17\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5929\u5019\u306b\u3055\u3089\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u6271\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001EPDM \u306f\u5f3e\u529b\u6027\u3001\u4fe1\u983c\u6027\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b3\u30b9\u30c8\u52b9\u7387\u306b\u512a\u308c\u305f\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u3067\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u30aa\u30a4\u30eb\u3001\u71c3\u6599\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6cb9\u5727\u6db2\u3092\u904b\u3076\u5834\u5408\u306f\u3001EPDM \u304c\u71b1\u7684\u306b\u512a\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u6027\u3092\u9632\u3050\u305f\u3081\u306b BUNA (NBR) \u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EPDM \u3068 BUNA \u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u9069\u5207\u306a\u9078\u629e\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u9577\u671f\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u6574\u5408\u6027\u304c\u4fdd\u8a3c\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\u7121\u6599\u898b\u7a4d\u3082\u308a<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

No, EPDM and BUNA (or NBR) are not the same; they are two distinct synthetic rubbers with practically opposing chemical resistance profiles, making them suitable for [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1748,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1718","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-standards"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1718"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1807,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1718\/revisions\/1807"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1718"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tgvalve.com\/ja\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}